What governments have tried

1. Cash and tax incentives.
   1. Baby bonuses.
   2. Child allowances.
   3. Tax credits.
   4. Housing subsidies.
2. Family services.
   1. Subsidized childcare.
   2. Preschool.
   3. Healthcare.
   4. Education support.
3. Parental leave.
   1. Maternity leave.
   2. Paternity leave.
   3. Shared parental leave.
   4. Effects on employment and subsequent births.