Fertility Decline Cover page for the book. Will lead to the introduction. Fertility Decline 1 The Stakes 1.1 The central question 1.2 The scope of the book 1.3 How to read the evidence 2 The Demographic Turn 2.1 The end of the population explosion 2.2 From Malthus to the population bomb 2.3 The demographic transition 2.4 Understanding fertility 2.5 The global fertility map 2.6 Europe 2.7 East Asia 2.8 North America 2.9 The developing world 2.10 How fast can population decline? 2.11 Population momentum 2.12 Compounding below replacement 3 Why Are People Having Fewer Children? 3.1 Marriage, partnership, and family formation 3.2 The economics of children 3.3 Women, education, and work 3.4 Contraception, abortion, and reproductive technology 3.5 Culture and the meaning of parenthood 3.6 Technology and social life 3.7 Biology and health 4 What Happens When Societies Have Fewer Children? 4.1 The aging society 4.2 The economic consequences 4.3 The fiscal state 4.4 Family and community 4.5 Politics and geopolitics 4.6 Environment and resources 4.7 The civilizational stakes 5 Can Fertility Decline Be Reversed? 5.1 What governments have tried 5.2 Country experiments 5.3 Immigration as demographic policy 5.4 Technology as adaptation 6 The Social Conditions of Family Formation 6.1 Making family formation easier 6.2 Rebuilding the institutions around families 6.3 Desired fertility and achieved fertility 6.4 Culture and the future 6.5 The social foundations of civilizational continuity 7 Living in a Low-Fertility World 7.1 Scenario one: fertility recovers 7.2 Scenario two: fertility stabilizes below replacement 7.3 7.4 The questions a low-fertility age raises 7.5 The civilizational threshold 8 Humanity’s Expansion to the Stars 8.1 A civilization that must outlive its planet 8.2 Population as the foundation of expansion 8.3 The demographic economics of space 8.4 From exploration to settlement 8.5 A growing civilization as a planetary asset 8.6 The moral question 8.7 A choice about humanity’s trajectory 9 Choosing Whether Humanity Will Continue to Grow 9.1 The demographic reality 9.2 The limits of reversal 9.3 The case for adaptation 9.4 The civilizational stakes 9.5 The future of the fertility decline Next 1 The Stakes